The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of natural interannual climate variability. It is associated with large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific. According to a new study, explosive volcanic eruptions in the tropics can lead to El Niño events, those notorious warming periods in the Pacific Ocean with dramatic global impacts on the climate.
El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific, including off the Pacific coast of South America. El Niño Southern Oscillation refers to the cycle of warm and cold temperatures, as measured by sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean. El Niño is accompanied by high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern Pacific. The cool phase of ENSO is called ‘La Niña’ with SST in the eastern Pacific below average and air pressures high in the eastern and low in western Pacific. The ENSO cycle, both El Niño and La Niña, cause global changes in temperatures and rainfall.
Enormous volcanic eruptions trigger El Niño events by pumping millions of tonnes of sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere, which form a sulphuric acid cloud, reflecting solar radiation and reducing the average global surface temperature, according to the study coauthored by Alan Robock, a distinguished professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University-New Brunswick.
This story is from the November 2017 edition of TerraGreen.
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This story is from the November 2017 edition of TerraGreen.
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